How To Repair Lester 19300 Battery Charger

Unproblematic solar charger are small devices which allow y'all to charge a bombardment quickly and cheaply, through solar energy.

A uncomplicated solar charger must take 3 basic features congenital-in:

• It should be depression toll.
• Layman friendly, and easy to build.
• Must be efficient enough to satisfy the fundamental battery charging needs.

The mail service comprehensively explains ix best all the same simple solar battery charger circuits using the IC LM338, transistors, MOSFET, buck converter, etc which can exist built and installed even by a layman for charging all types of batteries and operating other related equipment

Overview

Solar panels are not new to us and today information technology's existence employed extensively in all sectors. The master property of this device to convert solar energy to electrical free energy has made it very pop and at present it's beingness strongly considered equally the future solution for all electrical power crisis or shortages.

Solar energy may exist used directly for powering an electric equipment or only stored in an advisable storage device for later use.

Commonly there'south only one efficient way of storing electrical power, and it'due south past using rechargeable batteries.

Rechargeable batteries are probably the all-time and the near efficient way of collecting or storing electrical energy for later on usage.

The energy from a solar cell or a solar panel can also be effectively stored and so that it tin be used equally per ones ain preference, normally later the sun has set or when it's dark and when the stored power becomes much needed for operating the lights.

Though it might look quite simple, charging a battery from a solar panel is never like shooting fish in a barrel, because of ii reasons:

The voltage from a solar console can vary hugely, depending upon the incident lord's day rays, and

The electric current also varies due to the aforementioned above reasons.

The higher up two reason tin make the charging parameters of a typical rechargeable battery very unpredictable and dangerous.

UPDATE:

Before delving into the following concepts you can probably endeavor this super piece of cake solar bombardment charger which will ensure safe and guaranteed charging of a modest 12V 7 Ah battery through a modest solar panel:

Parts Required

• Solar Console - 20V, i amp
• IC 7812 - 1no
• 1N4007 Diodes - 3nos
• 2k2 i/four watt resistor - 1no

That looks cool isn't information technology. In fact the IC and the diodes could already resting in your electronic junk box, so need of buying them. Now let'south see how these tin can be configured for the final issue.

Estimated time taken to accuse the battery from 11V to 14V is around 8 hours.

As we know the IC 7812 volition produce a fixed 12V at the output which cannot exist used for charging a 12V battery. The three diodes connected at its ground (GND) terminals is introduced specifically to counter this problem, and to upgrade the IC output to about 12 + 0.7 + 0.seven + 0.7 V = 14.1 Five, which is exactly what is required for charging a 12 Five battery fully.

The driblet of 0.vii V across each diodes raises the grounding threshold of the IC past stipulated level forcing the IC to regulate the output at 14.ane V instead of 12 Five. The 2k2 resistor is used to activate or bias the diodes so that it can deport and enforce the intended 2.1 V total drop.

Making it Fifty-fifty Simpler

If you are looking for an even simpler solar charger, then probably there cannot be annihilation more straightforward than connecting an appropriately rated solar console direct with the matching bombardment via a blocking diode, as shown below:

Although, the in a higher place design does non incorporate a regulator, it will even so work since the console current output is nominal, and this value will just show a deterioration as the dominicus changes its position.

However, for a battery that is non fully discharged, the in a higher place unproblematic ready upwards may cause some harm to the battery, since the battery will tend to get charged apace, and will continue to get charged to unsafe levels and for longer periods of fourth dimension.

ane) Using LM338 as Solar Controller

Just thanks to the mod highly versatile chips similar the LM 338 and LM 317, which can handle the to a higher place situations very finer, making the charging process of all rechargeable batteries through a solar console very safe and desirable.

The circuit of a simple LM338 solar battery charger is shown beneath, using the IC LM338:

The circuit diagram shows a unproblematic set up up using the IC LM 338 which has been configured in its standard regulated power supply mode.

Using a Electric current Control Feature

The specialty of the design is that information technology incorporates a current command feature also.

It ways that, if the electric current tends to increment at the input, which might usually take place when the sun ray intensity increases proportionately, the voltage of the charger drops proportionately, pulling down the current back to the specified rating.

Equally we tin see in the diagram, the collector/emitter of the transistor BC547 is connected across the ADJ and the basis, information technology becomes responsible for initiating the electric current control actions.

As the input current rises, the battery starts drawing more than current, this build up a voltage across R3 which is translated into a corresponding base drive for the transistor.

The transistor conducts and corrects the voltage via the C LM338, and so that the current rate gets adjusted as per the safe requirements of the battery.

Electric current Limit Formula:

R3 may be calculated with the following formula

R3 = 0.vii/ Max Electric current Limit

PCB Design for the above explained simple solar battery charger circuit is given below:

The meter and the input diode are non included in the PCB.

two) $1 Solar Battery Charger Circuit

The 2d pattern explains a  cheap yet effective, less than $ane cheap yet effective solar charger circuit, which can be congenital fifty-fifty past a layman for harnessing efficient solar battery charging.

Yous will need merely a solar console panel, a selector switch and some diodes for getting a reasonably effective solar charger set upward.

What is Maximum Power Indicate Solar Tracking?

For a layman this would be something too circuitous and sophisticated to grasp and a arrangement involving extreme electronics.

In a fashion information technology may be true and surely MPPTs are sophisticated high end devices which are meant for optimizing the charging of the battery without altering the solar panel Five/I curve.

In simple words an MPPT tracks the instantaneous maximum available voltage from the solar panel and adjusts the charging charge per unit of the bombardment such that the panel voltage remains unaffected or away from loading.

Put only, a solar panel would work almost efficiently if its maximum instantaneous voltage is not dragged downwardly close to the connected bombardment voltage, which is being charged.

For example, if the open up circuit voltage of your solar panel is 20V and the battery to be charged is rated at 12V, and if you connect the two directly would cause the console voltage to drib to the battery voltage, which would make things too inefficient.

Conversely if y'all could keep the panel voltage unaltered withal excerpt the all-time possible charging selection from it, would make the system work with MPPT principle.

And then it'southward all virtually charging the battery optimally without affecting or dropping the panel voltage.

There'southward i unproblematic and aught cost method of implementing the above conditions.

Choose a solar panel whose open up excursion voltage matches the battery charging voltage. Meaning for a 12V battery you lot may choose a panel with 15V and that would produce maximum optimization of both the parameters.

However practically the above atmospheric condition could be difficult to achieve because solar panels never produce abiding outputs, and tend to generate deteriorating power levels in response to varying sun ray positions.

That's why e'er a much higher rated solar console is recommended and then that fifty-fifty under worse day time conditions information technology keeps the battery charging.

Having said that, by no means it is necessary to become for expensive MPPT systems, you can get similar results past spending a few bucks for it. The following give-and-take volition make the procedures clear.

How the Circuit Works

As discussed above, in order to avoid unnecessary loading of the panel nosotros need to take weather ideally matching the PV voltage with the battery voltage.

This can be washed by using a few diodes, a cheap voltmeter or your existing  multimeter and a rotary switch. Ofcourse at effectually $1 you cannot await it to be automatic, y'all may accept to work with the switch quite a  few times each day.

We know that a rectifier diode'due south forward voltage driblet is around 0.6 volts, then by adding many diodes in series it tin exist possible to isolate the panel from getting dragged to the continued bombardment voltage.

Referring to the circuit digaram given below, a cool little MPPT charger can be arranged using the shown cheap components.

Let'south assume in the diagram, the panel open up circuit voltage to be 20V and the battery to be rated at 12V.

Connecting them directly would drag the panel voltage to the battery level making things inappropriate.

By adding 9 diodes in series we effectively isolate the panel from getting loaded and dragged to the bombardment voltage and yet extract the Maximum charging current from information technology.

The total forrad drop of the combined diodes would exist around 5V, plus battery charging voltage fourteen.4V gives around 20V, meaning one time continued with all the diodes in series during peak sunshine, the panel voltage would drop marginally to may be around 19V resulting an efficient charging of the battery.

Now suppose the sunday begins dipping, causing the console voltage to drop below the rated voltage, this can be monitored beyond the continued voltmeter, and a few diodes skipped until the bombardment is restored with receiving optimal power.

The pointer symbol shown connected with the panel voltage positive can be replaced with a rotary switched for the recommended selection of the diodes in serial.

With the in a higher place situation implemented, a articulate MPPT charging atmospheric condition can be fake finer without employing plush devices. You tin can exercise this for all types of panels and batteries just by including more number of diodes in series.

3) Solar Charger and Driver Excursion for 10W/20W/30W/50W White Loftier Power SMD LED

The 3rd idea teaches us how to build a simple solar LED with battery charger excursion for illuminating loftier power LED (SMD) lights in the order of x watt to 50 watt. The SMD LEDs are fully safeguarded thermally and from over current using an inexpensive LM 338 current limiter stage.  The thought was requested by Mr. Sarfraz Ahmad.

Technical Specifications

Basically I am a certified mechanical engineer from Federal republic of germany 35 years ago and worked overseas for many years and left many years ago due to personal problems back home.
Sorry to bother yous but I know about your capabilities and expertise in electronics and sincerity to help and guide the ancestry like me.I have seen this excursion some where for 12 vdc.

I have attached to SMD ,12v ten watt, cap 1000uf,16 volt and a bridge rectifier y'all can see the part number on that.When I plow the lights on the rectifier starts to heat up and the both SMDs as well. I am agape if these lights are left on for a long time it may damage the SMDs and rectifier. I don not know where  the trouble is. Y'all may assist me.

I have a light in car porch which turns on at deejay and off at dawn. Unfortunately due to load shedding when there is no electricity this light remains off till the electricity is back.

I want to install at least ii SMD (12 volt) with LDR then as soon the light turns off the SMD lights will plough on. I want to additional ii like light elsewhere in the car porch to keep the entire are lighted.I call up that if I connect all these four SMD lights with 12 volt ability supply which will go the power from UPS circuit.

Of course it will put additional load on UPS battery which is hardly fully charged due to frequent load shedding.  The other best solution is to install 12 volt solar panel and attach all these four SMD lights with it. Information technology will accuse the battery and will turn the lights On/OFF.

This solar panel should be capable to keeps these lights all the nighttime and will turn OFF at dawn.Please also help me and give details about this circuit/project.

You may have your fourth dimension to effigy out how to do that.I am writing to you lot as unfortunately no electronics or solar production seller in our local marketplace is willing to give me any help, None of them seems to be technical qualified and  they just desire to sell their parts.

Sarfraz Ahmad

Rawalpindi, Pakistan

The Design

In the shown 10 watt to l watt SMD solar LED calorie-free circuit with automatic charger in a higher place, we see the following stages:

• A solar panel
• A couple of current controlled LM338 regulator circuits
• A changeover relay
• A rechargeable bombardment
• and a 40 watt LED SMD module

The in a higher place stages are integrated in the following explained manner:

The two LM 338 stages are configured in standard current regulator modes with using the respective current sensing resistances for ensuring a current controlled output for the relevant connected load.

The load for the left LM338 is the battery which is charged from this LM338 phase and a solar panel input source. The resistor Rx is calculated such that the bombardment receives the stipulated corporeality of current and is non over driven or over charged.

The correct side LM 338 is loaded with the LED module and hither too the Ry makes sure that module is supplied with the right specified corporeality of current in order to safeguard the devices from a thermal delinquent situation.

The solar panel voltage specs may be anywhere between 18V and 24V.

A relay is introduced in the circuit and is wired with the LED module such that it'due south switched ON only during the night or when information technology's dark beneath threshold for the solar panel to generate the required any power.

As long as the solar voltage is available, the relay stays energized isolating the LED module from the battery and ensuring that the 40 watt LED module remains shut off during day time and while the battery is existence charged.

Afterward dusk, when the solar voltage becomes sufficiently depression, the relay is no longer able to hold its North/O position and flips to the N/C changeover, connecting the battery with the LED module, and illuminating the array through the available fully charged battery power.

The LED module can be seen attached with a heatsink which must be sufficiently large in order to reach an optimal outcome from the module and for ensuring longer life and brightness from the device.

Calculating the Resistor Values

The indicated limiting resistors may be calculated from the given formulas:

Rx = 1.25/battery charging current

Ry = ane.25/LED electric current rating.

Assuming the bombardment to be a 40 AH lead acrid battery, the preferred charging current should exist four amps.

therefore Rx = 1.25/4 = 0.31 ohms

wattage = i.25 x four = 5 watts

The LED current tin can be found past dividing its total wattage by the voltage rating, that is 40/12 = 3.3amps

therefore Ry = 1.25/3 =  0.iv ohms

wattage = 1.25 ten three = 3.75 watts or four watts.

Limiting resistors are not employed for the x watt LEDs since the input voltage from the battery is on par with the specified 12V limit of the LED module and therefore cannot exceed the safety limits.

The in a higher place explanation reveals how the IC LM338 can be only used for making an useful solar LED light circuit with an automatic charger.

4) Automatic Solar Calorie-free Circuit using a Relay

In our 4rth automatic solar light circuit we contain a single relay every bit a switch for charging a battery during day time or equally long as the solar panel is generating electricity, and for illuminating a continued LED while the panel is not active.

Upgrading to a Relay Changeover

In one of my previous commodity which explained a uncomplicated solar garden light excursion, we employed a single transistor for the switching operation.

One disadvantage of the earlier circuit is, it does not provide a regulated charging for the bombardment, although it not might be strictly essential since the battery is never charged to its total potential, this aspect might require an comeback.

Another associated disadvantage of the earlier circuit is its low power spec which restricts it from using high power batteries and LEDs.

The following circuit finer solves both the above two issues, with the aid of a relay and a emitter follower transistor stage.

Circuit Diagram

How it Works

During optimal sun smooth, the relay gets sufficient power from the panel and remains switched ON with its N/O contacts activated.

This enables the battery to get the charging voltage through a transistor emitter follower voltage regulator.

The emitter follower design is configured using a TIP122, a resistor and a zener diode. The resistor provides the necessary biasing for the transistor to conduct, while the zener diode value clamps the emitter voltage is controlled at just below the zener voltage value.

The zener value is therefore appropriately called to friction match the charging voltage of the continued battery.

For a 6V bombardment the zener voltage could be selected equally vii.5V, for 12V battery the zener voltage could be around 15V and so on.

The emitter follower as well makes sure that the battery is never allowed to get overcharged above the allocated charging limit.

During evening, when a substantial drib in sunlight is detected, the relay is inhibited from the required minimum holding voltage, causing it to shift from its N/O to N/C contact.

The above relay changeover instantly reverts the battery from charging mode to the LED fashion, illuminating the LED through the battery voltage.

Parts list for a 6V/4AH automated solar light circuit using a relay changeover

1. Solar Panel = 9V, 1amp
2. Relay = 6V/200mA
3. Rx = 10 ohm/two watt
4. zener diode = 7.5V, one/2 watt

5) Transistorized Solar Charger Controller Excursion

The fifth idea presented below details a uncomplicated solar charger excursion with automatic cut-off using transistors only. The idea was requested by Mr. Mubarak Idris.

Excursion Objectives and Requirements

1. Please sir can yous make me a 12v, 28.8AH lithium ion bombardment,automatic charge controller using solar panel as a supply, which is 17v at 4.5A at max sun light.
2. The accuse controller should be able to have over charge protection and depression bombardment cutting off and the circuit should be simple to do for beginner without ic or micro controller.
3. The circuit should use relay or bjt transistors equally a switch and zener for voltage reference thanks sir hope to hear from y'all shortly!

The Design

PCB Design (Component Side)

Referring to the above simple solar charger excursion using transistors, the automated cut off for the full accuse charge level and the lower level is washed through a couple of BJTs configured as comparators.

Call up the earlier depression bombardment indicator circuit using transistors, where the low battery level was indicated using simply ii transistors and a few other passive components.

Here we employ an identical design for the sensing of the battery levels and for enforcing the required switching of the battery beyond the solar panel and the continued load.

Allow'south assume initially we have a partially discharged battery which causes the first BC547 from left to end conducting (this is set up past adjusting the base of operations preset to this threshold limit), and allows the side by side BC547 to conduct.

When this BC547 conducts information technology enable the TIP127 to switch ON, which in plough allows the solar panel voltage to reach the battery and begin charging it.

The to a higher place situation conversely keeps the TIP122 switched OFF so that the load is unable to operate.

As the bombardment begins getting charged, the voltage across the supply rails as well begin rise until a point where the left side BC547 is just able to acquit, causing the right side BC547 to stop conducting any further.

As presently equally this happens, the TIP127 is inhibited from the negative base signals and it gradually stops conducting such that the bombardment gradually gets cut off from the solar panel voltage.

However, the above situation permits the TIP122 to slowly receive a base of operations biasing trigger and it begins conducting....which ensures that the load now is able to get the required supply for its operations.

The in a higher place explained solar charger excursion using transistors and with auto cut-offs can be used for any small scale solar controller applications such as for charging cellphone batteries or other forms of Li-ion batteries safely.

For getting a Regulated Charging Supply

The following design shows how to convert or upgrade the to a higher place excursion diagram into a regulated charger, and so that the battery is supplied with a fixed and a stabilized output regardless of a rising voltage from the solar panel.

The to a higher place designs can be farther simplified, as shown in the post-obit over-charge, over-belch solar battery controller excursion:

The lower NPN transistor is BC547 (not shown in the diagram)

Here, the zener ZX decides the full accuse battery cut off, and can exist calculated using the following formula:

ZX = Battery total charge value + 0.6

For instance, if the total-charge battery level is fourteen.2V, then the ZX can be 14 + 0.6 = 14.6V zener which can be built by calculation a few zener diodes in series, forth with a few 1N4148 diodes, if required.

The zener diode ZY decides the battery over-discharge cutting off signal, and can be simply equal to the value of the desired low bombardment value.

For example if the minimum low bombardment level is 11V, then the ZY can exist selected to be a 11V zener.

6) Solar Pocket LED Low-cal Circuit

The 6th pattern here explains a simple low toll solar pocket LED low-cal circuit which could be used by the needy and, underprivileged section of the guild for illuminating their houses at night cheaply.

The thought was requested by Mr. R.K. Rao

Circuit Objectives and Requirements

1. I desire to make a SOLAR pocket LED low-cal using a 9cm x 5cm x 3cm transparent plastic box [bachelor in the marketplace for Rs.3/-] using a one watt LED/20mA LEDS powered by a 4v 1A rechargeable sealed lead-acid battery [SUNCA/VICTARI] & also with a provision for charging with a jail cell telephone charger [where filigree electric current is bachelor].
2. The battery should exist replaceable when expressionless after use for 2/three years/prescribed life by the rural/tribal user.
3. This is meant for use by tribal/rural children to light up a book; there are better led lights in the market for around Rs.500 [d.light],for Rs.200 [Thrive].
4. These lights are skillful except that they have a mini solar panel and a brilliant LED with a life of ten years if not more ,but with a rechargeable battery without a provision for its replacement when dead later two or iii years of use.It is a waste of resource and unethical.
5. The projection i am envisaging is one in which the battery tin be replaced , be locally available at low cost. The toll of the light should not exceed Rs.100/150.
6. It volition exist marketed on not for profit basis through NGOs in tribal areas and ultimately supply kits to tribal/rural youth to make them in the hamlet.
7. I along with a colleague have fabricated some lights with 7V EW high ability batteries and 2x20mA pirahna Leds and tested them-they lasted for over xxx hours of continuous lighting adequate to light upward a volume from half-meter altitude; and some other with a 4v sunce bombardment and 1watt 350A LED giving enough light for cooking in a hut.
8. Can you suggest a circuit with a one AA/AAA rechargeable battery,mini solar console to fit on the box cover of 9x5cm and a DC-DC booster and 20mA leds. If yous desire me to come up over to your place for discussions i can.
9. You can meet the lights nosotros have fabricated in google photos at https://goo.gl/photos/QyYU1v5Kaag8T1WWA Thanking you,

The Design

As per the request the solar pocket LED light circuits needs to be compact, work with a single ane.5AAA cell using a DC-DC converter and equipped with a self regulating solar charger circuit.

The circuit diagram shown below probably satisfies all the above specifications and nevertheless stays within the affordable limit.

Circuit Diagram

The blueprint is a basic joule thief excursion using a unmarried penlight jail cell, a BJT and an inductor for powering any standard 3.3V LED.

In the pattern a 1 watt LeD is shown although a smaller 30mA high bright LED could be used.

The solar LED excursion is capable squeezing out the last driblet of "joule" or the accuse from the prison cell and hence the name joule thief, which also implies that the LED would keep illuminated until there's virtually null left inside the prison cell. However the cell hither being a rechargeable type is not recommended to exist discharged beneath 1V.

The 1.5V battery charger in the design is built using another low power BJT configured in its emitter follower configuration, which allows it to produce an emitter voltage output that's exactly equal to the potential at its base, prepare by the 1K preset. This must be precisely fix such that the emitter produces not more than 1.8V with a DC input of in a higher place 3V.

The DC input source is a solar panel which may be capable of producing an excess of 3V during optimal sunlight, and allow the charger to charge the battery with a maximum of 1.8V output.

Once this level is reached the emitter follower only inhibits any farther charging of the cell thus preventing any possibility of an over charge.

The inductor for the pocket solar LED light circuit consists of a small ferrite band transformer having 20:xx turns which could be appropriately contradistinct and optimized for enabling the nearly favorable voltage for the connected LED which may terminal even until the voltage has fallen below 1.2V.

7) Simple Solar Charger for Street Lights

The seventh solar charger discussed here is best suited every bit a solar LED street lite system is specifically designed for the new hobbyist who can build information technology merely by referring to the pictorial schematic presented here.

Due to its straightforward and relatively cheaper blueprint the organization can be suitably used for village street lighting or in other similar remote areas, nonetheless this by no means restricts it from being used in cities too.

Chief Features of this system are:

1) Voltage controlled Charging

2) Electric current Controlled LED Operation

3) No Relays used, all Solid-State Design

4) Low Critical Voltage Load Cut-off

five) Low Voltage and Critical Voltage Indicators

6) Full Charge cutting-off is not included for simplicity sake and considering the charging is restricted to a controlled level which will never allow the battery to over-accuse.

7) Use of popular ICs like LM338 and transistors similar BC547 ensure hassle costless procurement

8) Mean solar day night sensing stage ensuring automatic switch OFF at dusk and switch ON at dawn.

The unabridged excursion design of the proposed simple LED street light organisation is illustrated below:

Excursion Diagram

The circuit stage comprising T1, T2, and P1 are configured into a unproblematic low battery sensor, indicator circuit

An exactly identical stage tin also exist seen just below, using T3, T4 and the associated parts, which grade another depression voltage detector stage.

The T1, T2 stage detects the battery voltage when it drops to 13V past illuminating the attached LED at the collector of T2, while the T3, T4 phase detects the bombardment voltage when it reaches beneath 11V, and indicates the situation by illuminating the LED associated with the collector of T4.

P1 is used for adjusting the T1/T2 stage such that the T2 LED merely illuminates at 12V, similarly P2 is adapted to make the T4 LED begin illuminating at voltages below 11V.

IC1 LM338 is configured every bit a simple regulated voltage power supply for regulating the solar panel voltage to a precise 14V, this is done by adjusting the preset P3 appropriately.

This output from IC1 is used for charging the street lamp bombardment during day time and acme sunshine.

IC2 is another LM338 IC, wired in a current controller mode, its input pin is connected with the battery positive while the output is continued with the LED module.

IC2 restricts the electric current level from the battery and supplies the right amount of current to the LED module then that it is able operate safely during night time back up mode.

T5 is a power transistor which acts like a switch and is triggered by the critical low battery phase, whenever the battery voltage tends to reach the critical level.

Whenever this happens the base of T5 is instantly grounded by T4, shutting it off instantly. With T5 shut off, the LED module is enable to illuminate and therefore it is besides close off.

This condition prevents and safeguards the battery from getting overly discharged and damaged. In such situations the battery might need an external charging from mains using a 24V, power supply applied across the solar console supply lines, across the cathode of D1 and ground.

The current from this supply could be specified at effectually twenty% of bombardment AH, and the battery may be charged until both the LEDs stop glowing.

The T6 transistor along with its base resistors is positioned to detect the supply from the solar panel and ensure that the LED module remains disabled equally long as a reasonable corporeality of supply is available from the panel, or in other words T6 keeps the LED module shut off until its nighttime enough for the LED module and then is switched ON. The contrary happen at dawn when the LED module is automatically switched OFF. R12, R13 should exist carefully adjusted or selected to decide the desired thresholds for the LED module'south ON/OFF cycles

How to Build

To complete this simple street light organization successfully, the explained stages must be built separately and verified separately before integrating them together.

Offset assemble the T1, T2 stage along with R1, R2, R3, R4, P1 and the LED.

Next, using a variable power supply, utilize a precise 13V to this T1, T2 stage, and suit P1 such that the LED only illuminates, increase the supply a bit to say 13.5V and the LED should close off. This test will confirm the correct working of this low voltage indicator phase.

Identically make the T3/T4 stage and fix P2 in a similar mode to enable the LED to glow at 11V which becomes the critical level setting for the phase.

Later on this you lot tin get ahead with the IC1 phase, and suit the voltage across its "body" and footing to 14V by adjusting P3 to the correct extent. This should be again done by feeding a 20V or 24V supply beyond its input pin and footing line.

The IC2 phase tin can be built as shown and will non crave any setting upward procedure except the pick of  R11 which may be done using the formula equally expressed in this universal current limiter article

Parts List

• R1, R2, R3 R4, R5, R6, R7 R8, R9, R12 = 10k, ane/4 WATT
• P1, P2, P3 = 10K PRESETS
• R10 = 240 OHMS ane/four WATT
• R13 = 22K
• D1, D3 = 6A4 DIODE
• D2, D4 = 1N4007
• T1, T2, T3, T4 = BC547
• T5 = TIP142
• R11 = SEE TEXT
• IC1, IC2 = LM338 IC TO3 package
• LED Module = Made by connecting 24nos 1 WATT LEDs in series and parallel connections
• Battery = 12V SMF, 40 AH
• Solar Console = 20/24V, 7 Amp

Making thursday 24 watt LED Module

The 24 watt LED module for the above simple solar street calorie-free system could be congenital simply by joining 24 nos 1 watt LEDs as shown in the post-obit image:

8) Solar Panel Buck Converter Excursion with Over Load Protection

The eighth solar concept discussed below talks about a simple solar panel cadet converter excursion which tin be used to obtain any desired low bucked voltage from xl to 60V inputs. The circuit ensures a very efficient voltage conversions. The thought was requested by Mr. Deepak.

Technical Specifications

I am looking for DC - DC cadet converter with post-obit features.

one. Input voltage = 40 to 60 VDC

2. Output voltage = Regulated 12, eighteen and 24 VDC (multiple output from the same excursion is not required. Divide excursion for each o/p voltage is also fine)

3. Output current chapters = five-10A

4. Protection at output = Over current, short circuits etc.

v. Small LED indicator for unit performance would be an advantage.

Appreciate if you could assistance me designing the excursion.

Best regards,
Deepak

The Design

The proposed 60V to 12V, 24V buck converter circuit is shown in the effigy below, the details may be understood as explained below:

The configuration could be divided into stages, viz. the astable multivibrator stage and the mosfet controlled cadet converter stage.

BJT T1, T2 along with its associated parts forms a standard AMV circuit wired to generate a frequency at the rate of almost 20 to 50kHz.

Mosfet Q1 along with L1 and D1 forms a standard buck converter topology for implementing the required buck voltage beyond C4.

The AMV is operated by the input 40V and the generated frequency is fed to the gate of the fastened mosfet which instantly begins oscillating at the available current from the input driving L1, D1 network.

The above action generates the required bucked voltage across C4,

D2 makes sure that this voltage never exceeds the rated mark which may be fixed 30V.

This 30V max limit bucked voltage is further fed to a LM396 voltage regulator which may be fix for getting the final desired voltage at the output at the rate of 10amps maximum.

The output may be used for charging the intended battery.

Circuit Diagram

Parts List for the to a higher place 60V input, 12V, 24V output buck converter solar for the panels.

• R1---R5 = 10K
• R6 = 240 OHMS
• R7 = 10K POT
• C1, C2 = 2nF
• C3 = 100uF/100V
• C4 = 100uF/50V
• Q1 = ANY 100V, 20AMP P-channel MOSFET
• T1,T2 = BC546
• D1 = ANY 10AMP FAST RECOVERY DIODE
• D2 = 30V ZENER 1 WATT
• D3 = 1N4007
• L1 = thirty turns of 21 SWG super enameled copper wire wound over a 10mm dia ferrite rod.

nine) Home Solar Electricity Ready for an Off-the-filigree Living

The 9th unique design explained here illustrates a elementary calculated configuration which may be used for implementing whatever desired sized solar panel electricity ready for remotely located houses or for achieving an off the grid electricity system from solar panels.

Technical Specifications

I am very sure yous must accept this kind of circuit diagram fix. While going through your weblog I got lost and could not really choose one all-time fitting to my requirements.

I am merely trying to put my requirement here and make sure I understood information technology correctly.

(This is a airplane pilot project for me to venture into this field. You lot tin count me to be a big null in electrical knowledge. )

My bones goal is to maximize use of Solar power and reduce my electrical bill to minimum. ( 🙁 I stay at Thane. So, you lot can imagine electricity bills. ) So you can consider as if I am completely making a solar powered lighting arrangement for my home.

1. Whenever in that location is enough sunlight, I exercise not need any artificial lite.2. Whenever intensity of sunlight drops below adequate norms, I wish my lights volition plough on automatically.

I would similar to switch them off during bedtime, though.3. My current lighting system (which I wish to illuminate) consists of two regular bright light Tube lights ( 36W/880 8000K ) and four 8W CFLs.

Would similar to replicate the whole setup with Solar-powered LED based lighting.

As I said, I am a large zero in field of electricity. Then, please aid me with the expected setup cost besides.

The Pattern

36 watts x two plus 8 watt gives a total of effectually 80 watts which is the full required consumption level here.

Now since the lights are specified to work at mains voltage levels which is 220 Five in India, an inverter becomes necessary for converting the solar console voltage to the required specs for the lights to illuminate.

Also since the inverter needs a battery to operate which tin can be assumed to exist a 12 V bombardment, all the parameters essential for the set upwardly may be calculated in the following fashion:

Full intended consumption is = eighty watts.

The above power may be consumed from vi am to 6 pm which becomes the maximum period one can guess, and that's approximately 12 hours.

Multiplying 80 by 12 gives = 960 watt hour.

It implies that the solar panel will need to produce this much watt hour for the desired menstruation of 12 hours during the unabridged day.

Even so since nosotros don't wait to receive optimum sunlight through the year, we can assume the average period of optimum daylight to exist around viii hours.

Dividing 960 past viii gives = 120 watts, meaning the required solar console will need to exist at least 120 watt rated.

If the panel voltage is selected to exist around 18 V, the electric current specs would be 120/18 = 6.66 amps or merely seven amps.

Now let'due south calculate the battery size which may be employed for the inverter and which may be required to be charged with the above solar panel.

Once again since the total watt hour fr the entire day is calculated to exist around 960 watts, dividing this with the battery voltage (which is assumed to exist 12 V) we go 960/12 = lxxx, that's effectually eighty or simply 100 AH, therefore the required battery needs to be rated at 12 V, 100 AH for getting an an optimal performance throughout the day (12 hours period).

We'll as well need a solar charge controller for charging the bombardment, and since the battery would be charged for the period of around 8 hours, the charging rate will need to exist around 8% of the rated AH, that amounts to 80 x 8% = 6.4 amps, therefore the accuse controller volition demand to be specified to handle at least 7 amp comfortably for the required safe charging of the battery.

That concludes the entire solar panel, battery, inverter calculations which could be successfully implemented for whatsoever similar kind of fix intended for an off the grid living purpose in rural areas or other remote area.

For other V, I specs, the figures may be inverse in the above explained calculation for achieving the advisable results.

In case the bombardment is felt unnecessary and the solar console could also be directly used for operating inverter.

A simple solar panel voltage regulator circuit may exist witnessed in the post-obit diagram, the given switch may be used for selecting a battery charging option or directly driving the inverter through the console.

In the higher up instance, the regulator needs to produce effectually 7 to 10amps of electric current therefore an LM396 or LM196 must be used in the charger stage.

The above solar panel regulator may be configured with the post-obit simple inverter excursion which volition be quite acceptable for powering the requested lamps through the continued solar panel or the battery.

Parts listing for the to a higher place inverter circuit: R1, R2 = 100 ohm, x watt

R3, R4 = fifteen ohm ten watt

T1, T2 = TIP35 on heatsinks

The last line in the request suggests an LED version to exist designed for replacing and upgrading the existing CFL fluorescent lamps. The same may be implemented by simply eliminating the battery and the inverter and integrating the LEDs with the solar regulator output, as shown below:

The negative of the adapter must be connected and fabricated mutual with the negative of the solar console

Final Thoughts

So friends these were ix basic solar battery charger designs, which were hand picked from this website.

Y'all will find many more such enhanced solar based designs in the web log for further reading. And aye, if you have whatsoever boosted thought y'all may definitely submit it to me, I'll brand sure to introduce information technology here for the reading pleasure of our viewers.

Feedback from 1 of the Gorging Readers

Hullo Swagatam,

I have come across your site and discover your work very inspiring. I am currently working on a Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (Stem) programme for year iv-5 students in Commonwealth of australia. The projection focuses on increasing children'south curiosity about science and how it connects to existent-earth applications.

The program also introduces empathy in the applied science design process where young learners are introduced to a real project (context) and engages with their boyfriend school peers to solve a worldly problem.  For the next three years, our focus is on introducing children to the science behind electricity and the existent-world application of electrical applied science. An introduction to how engineers solve existent-world issues for the greater good of society.

I am currently working on online content for the program, which will focus on young learners(Grade 4-vi) learning the basics of electricity, in particular, renewable energy, i.e. solar in this instance. Through a cocky-directed learning plan, children learn and explore about electricity and energy, as they are introduced to a real-world project, i.eastward. providing lighting to children sheltered in the refugee camps effectually the globe.  On completion of a five-week program, children are grouped in teams to construct solar lights, which are then sent to the disadvantaged children around the earth.

As a not iv profit educational foundation we are seeking your assistance to layout a uncomplicated excursion diagram, which could be used for the construction of a 1 watt solar low-cal as practical activeness in class. We have besides procured 800 solar light kits from a manufacturer, which the children will assemble, however, we need someone to simplify the circuit diagram of these low-cal kits, which will exist used for simple lessons on electricity, circuits, and adding of power, volts, current and conversion of solar energy to electrical energy.

I expect forward to hearing from yous and go along on with your inspiring piece of work.

Solving the Request

I appreciate your interest and your sincerely efforts to enlighten the new generation regarding solar free energy.
I accept attached the about elementary yet efficient LED driver circuit which can be used for illuminating a ane watt LED from a solar console safely with minimum parts.
Make certain to adhere a heatsink on the LED, otherwise it may burn apace due to overheating.
The circuit is voltage controlled and current controlled for ensuring optimum condom to the LED.
Allow me know if you have any further doubts.

Request from one of the avid readers of this blog:

Hi, cheers for everything y'all do to help people out!  My son would like to create a science fair experiment where he tin show an electric car running on a solar panel only during the solar day while charging a bombardment and running on battery only during the night.  For this, nosotros planned to take a small solar panel connected to a battery and motor in parallel (see the attached drawing).

1. Will this piece of work?
2. Can y'all recommend a size of solar console, battery and motor?
3. Equally to not overcharge the battery, should a resistor be added?  What size would yous recommend?
4. Should a diode exist added?  What size would you recommend?

My Answer:

• yes, it will piece of work.
• Use a 6 to 8V one-amp solar panel.
• The switch in serial with the bombardment is not required. The remaining two switches are fine. This switch can exist replaced with a 4 ohm 2 watt, or but a vi V flashlight bulb.
• This bulb volition illuminate while charging and will slowly close off as the battery gets fully charged.
• You lot tin add a diode in series with the positive wire of the solar panel. Information technology can be a 1N5402 diode
• The battery can be any 3.7V 1200mAh Li-ion battery.
• Motor can be any 3.7V DC motor.

More than Questions:

Couple more than questions, I cannot detect a solar console with those specs, do yous recall you could send me 1 on the internet then I tin can detect something similar?  Great idea on the flashlight bulb, I assume this would demand to be an incandescent low-cal?  Do you think this would properly protect the battery or would an boosted resistor be needed?

My Reply:

For the solar panel, you can search for a 6V 5 watt solar panel.Yes, the flashlight bulb will need to be an incandescent type, so that the filament can be used to command the current.The bulb should be enough to control the current, no additional resistor will exist required.Please find the attached diagram for the detailed schematic.

Source: https://www.homemade-circuits.com/how-to-make-solar-battery-charger/

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